【非谓语动词的用法总结】在英语学习中,非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点。它们在句子中不作谓语,但可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等成分。常见的非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。掌握它们的用法,有助于提高写作和阅读理解能力。
以下是针对这三种非谓语动词的详细用法总结:
一、不定式(to do)
基本用法:
- 作主语:To learn English is important.
- 作宾语:I want to go home.
- 作表语:My job is to teach students.
- 作定语:The book to read is on the table.
- 作状语:He ran to catch the bus.
- 作宾语补足语:I saw him leave.
- 作主语补足语:They asked me to help them.
常见搭配:
- be able to, decide to, hope to, want to, need to, would like to 等。
二、动名词(doing)
基本用法:
- 作主语:Swimming is good for health.
- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.
- 作表语:Her hobby is painting.
- 作定语:The meeting is about improving performance.
- 作介词宾语:She is interested in learning Chinese.
常见搭配:
- look forward to, be used to, be good at, spend time on, give up 等。
三、分词(doing / done)
1. 现在分词(doing)
基本用法:
- 作定语:The girl sitting there is my sister.
- 作状语:Seeing the teacher, he stood up.
- 作宾语补足语:I saw him running in the park.
- 作主语补足语:The door was left open.
注意: 现在分词表示主动或进行中的动作。
2. 过去分词(done)
基本用法:
- 作定语:The book written by him is very popular.
- 作状语:Given more time, we could finish it.
- 作宾语补足语:We found the room locked.
- 作主语补足语:The problem solved is easy.
注意: 过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。
四、非谓语动词对比表格
类型 | 形式 | 功能 | 示例句 |
不定式 | to do | 主语、宾语、定语、状语等 | I want to go. |
动名词 | doing | 主语、宾语、表语、定语等 | Swimming is fun. |
现在分词 | doing | 定语、状语、补语等 | The girl sitting there is my friend. |
过去分词 | done | 定语、状语、补语等 | The book written by her is interesting. |
五、常见易混点
项目 | 区别说明 |
to do vs doing | to do 通常表示将来或目的;doing 表示习惯、爱好或正在发生的动作。 |
doing vs done | doing 表示主动或进行;done 表示被动或完成。 |
to do vs doing | 在某些动词后只能用 to do(如:want, hope),而另一些只能用 doing(如:enjoy, avoid)。 |
通过以上总结,我们可以更清晰地理解非谓语动词的使用场景和规则。在实际应用中,结合具体语境灵活运用,才能真正掌握这一语法难点。